PERSONALITY, PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION + ATTITUDES AND VALUES ( CLASS FEBRUARY 10- 2011)

Summary

Personality: A relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual’s behavior. Personality dispositions include:

• Emotions
• Cognitions
• Attitudes
• Expectancies
• Fantasies

Social Perception: The process of interpreting information about another person. 3 categories of factors influence our perception of another person:

• Characteristics of ourselves, as perceivers
• Characteristics of the targetperson we are perceiving
• Characteristics of the situationin which the interaction takes place

 People´s perception is affected by internal factors such as personal experiences, personality and external factors such as stimuli from environment and context in which they operate.

Barriers to Social Perception

1. .Selective perception
2. .Stereotyping
3. .First-impression error
4. .Projection: “the false-consensus effect”
5. .Self-fulfilling prophecies

Attitude: A psychological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.Work attitudes:

•  Job Satisfaction
• Organizational commitment

Values: enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. Work Values:

• Achievement
• Concern for others
• Honesty
• Fairness

Attribution Theory:A theory that explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior and that of others. This theory fall into 2 categories:Internal attribution associate with personal factors such as personality, ability and motivation. In contrast external attribution is related to environment factors such as organizational rules, luck and natural environment 

Organizational Commitment: The strength of an individual’s identification with an organization.It consists of:

1. Affective commitment
2. Continuance commitment
3. Normative commitment

Question:

To what do you attribute the success of JICA?

The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is advancing its activities around the pillars of a field-oriented approach, human security, and enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, and speed. The success of JICA is because it works with cross cultural management taking the values and attitudes of different countries something important to the success of the projects, so it is devoted to enhancing donor coordination and working together to increase effectiveness. The success of jica also is due to this agency make use of diverse approaches and take advantage of the expanded scale of our operations to tackle issues that go beyond borders and affect entire regions or that span multiple sectors. Through such integrated assistance, New JICA will pursue international cooperation with even more development impact in terms of both its quality and scale.

References

• Harrison, D.A., Newman, D.A., Roth, P.L. 2006. How important are job attitudes?
• http://www.jica.go.jp/
• www.personalitypage.com/